Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - backward
Связанные словари
Backward
backward
~ adj 1 only before noun made in a direction towards what is behind you (She went without a backward glance.) 2 developing slowly and less successfully than most others (some of the more backward countries | a backward child) (- compare forward2) - backwardly adv - backwardness n backwards also backward AmE adv 1 towards the back, the beginning, or the past (She pushed me and I fell backwards into the chair. | Can you say the alphabet backwards?) 2 moving or facing the opposite direction to the usual one (He walked backwards away from the King. | You've got your hat on backwards!) 3 towards a worse state (The new measures are seen by some as a major step backwards.) 4 backwards and forwards first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, usually many times 5 bend over/lean over backwards (to do sth) to try as hard as possible to help or please someone (We bent over backwards to help them.) 6 know sth backwards BrE know sth backwards and forwards AmE to know something very well or perfectly (All the actors know the play backwards and forwards.) (- compare forward1)
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1.
Note: In American English, 'backward' is usually used as an adverb instead of 'backwards'. 'Backward' is also sometimes used in this way in formal British English. See 'backwards' for these uses. 1. A backward movement or look is in the direction that your back is facing. Some people use backwards for this meaning. He unlocked the door of apartment two and disappeared inside after a backward glance at Larry... He did a backward flip. ? forward ADJ: ADJ n 2. If someone takes a backward step, they do something that does not change or improve their situation, but causes them to go back a stage. At a certain age, it’s not viable for men to take a backward step into unskilled work... ? forward ADJ: ADJ n 3. A backward country or society does not have modern industries and machines. We need to accelerate the pace of change in our backward country. ? developed ADJ • backwardness I was astonished at the backwardness of our country at the time. N-UNCOUNT 4. A backward child has difficulty in learning. I was slow to walk and talk and my parents thought I was backward. ADJ • backwardness ...her backwardness in practical and physical activities. N-UNCOUNT ...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
2.
I. adverb or ~s Date: 14th century 1. a. toward the back b. with the back foremost 2. a. in a reverse or contrary direction or way b. toward the past c. toward a worse state II. adjective Date: 14th century 1. a. directed or turned ~ b. done or executed ~ 2. diffident, shy 3. retarded in development • ~ly adverb • ~ness noun III. noun Date: 1610 the part behind or past ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
3.
adv. & adj. --adv. = BACKWARDS. Usage Backwards is now more common, esp. in literal senses. --adj. 1 directed to the rear or starting-point (a backward look). 2 reversed. 3 mentally retarded or slow. 4 reluctant, shy, unassertive. Derivatives backwardness n. Etymology: earlier abackward, assoc. with BACK ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
Англо-русский Русско-английский экономический словарь
5.
1. прошлое the dark backward and abysm of time (Shnakespeare) —- туманное прошлое 2. обратный (обыкн. о движении) backward flow —- тех. противоток backward take —- кин. обратная съемка; кинокадр, снятый приемом обратной съемки on seeing me he made a backward movement —- увидав меня, он отступил (сделал шаг назад) 3. отсталый backward children —- умственно или физически отсталые дети backward mind —- неразвитый ум backward country —- отсталая страна 4. поздний; запоздалый backward autumn —- запоздалая осень backward in one's preparations —- отставший с подготовкой the melons are backward this year —- дыни поздно поспели (появились) в этом году 5. медлящий, мешкающий; делающий неохотно he is backward in giving his views —- он неохотно высказывает свое мнение he was not backward in helping me —- он незамедлил помочь мне 6. робкий, застенчивый backward lover —- нерешительный влюбленный he is not backward in asking favours —- он не стесняется просить об одолжениях 7. назад to look backward —- смотреть назад (через плечо) to turn one's head backward —- обернуться; оглянуться to fall backward —- упасть навзничь to cast a light backward —- отражать свет to turn backward from one's beliefs —- отступать от своих убеждений to look backward over one's carlier mistakes —- учиться на ошибках he stepped backward —- он сделал шаг назад, он отступил на шаг they pushed the car backward —- они толкнули машину...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
6.
See: BEND OVER BACKWARD or LEAN OVER BACKWARD; FALL OVER BACKWARDS or FALL OVER ONESELF. ...Английский словарь американских идиом
7.
- 14c., from abakward, from O.E. on bжc + -weard adj./adv. suffix. Backwards, with adverbial genitive, is from 1513. ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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